ABSTRACT
Abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH) is very rare in adults and difficult to suspect on clinical examination. ASH is a very unusual presentation of scrotal hydrocele with extension intra-abdominally through the inguinal canal either communicating to the peritoneal cavity or non-communicating. An ASH is a congenital pathology involving a scrotal hydrocele expanding through the inguinal canal and reaching the abdominal cavity. Here, we present the case of a 25-year-old man admitted with a complaint of pain and lump in the left lower abdomen for 2 months and swelling in the left groin for 2 years. Ultrasound and computed tomography suggest left ASH with left-sided hydroureteronephrosis. A left DJ stent was placed and on exploration, a large cystic mass was seen intraperitoneally extending into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. Excision of the abdominal part and partial excision of the scrotal part were done with eversion of the remaining tunica vaginalis sac. Although ASH is a rare entity, it should always be kept on the list of differential diagnoses during the complaint of large abdominal mass in adults.
ABSTRACT
Purpose:Infections due to invasive non-typhoid salmonella can be dangerous and fatal. The mode of infection and the severity varies from the typhoidal fevers. It is important to find the association between clinical features and the infecting serovar to understand the pathophysiology and course of treatment Methods:In the present study, extra-intestinal specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid and pus) from three patients suffering from septicaemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis were received. Micro-biological and biochemical test for species identification and antibiotic susceptibility was done as per standard protocol.Further, PCR based amplification and sequencing of a portion of the flagellin gene (FliC) was done to confirm the serovar.Results: Salmonellaentericawas identified from all the threeby microbiological and biochemical examination.The sequence of the Flic gene confirmed the serovar to be S.typhimurium. All the patients were treated successfully for the infectionby appropriate antibiotic therapy. Conclusion:The study highlights that serovarTyphimurium is common in invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis and its pathophysiology and virulence factors expression should be understood in various organ types for better treatment options and outcomes
ABSTRACT
Background: To study and compare cytomorphological features of histologically proven cases of benign phyllodes and cellular fibroadenoma.Methods: Smears of histologically-proven cases of benign phyllodes and cellular fibroadenoma in one year, were reviewed. The cellular fibroadenoma had epithelial and/or stromal hypercellularity. The stromal and epithelial components as well as the background cells were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.Results: Number, cellularity and type of stromal fragments varied significantly in two groups. Higher number, intermediate to large-sized and hypercellular stromal fragments were commonly seen in phyllodes. Hypercellular (3+ cellularity) fragments were seen in 100% cases of phyllodes against 11.1% cases of fibroadenoma. Large-sized stromal fragments were found in 100% of phyllodes while in only 11.1% cases of fibroadenoma. The ratio of number of epithelial to stromal fragments was significantly high (58.5:1) in fibroadenoma against phyllodes (1.3:1). The epithelial architecture, atypia, apocrine metaplasia and presence of cystic macrophages did not very much in the two groups. The cellularity of the dispersed cells in background did not reveal significant difference though the type of cells varied; the proportion of long and short spindle cells was higher in PT group while proportion of oval cells was higher in FA group.Conclusion: The number, cellularity and nature of stromal fragments, ratio of epithelial to stromal fragments, cellularity and type of background cells are helpful in distinguishing benign phyllodes from cellular fibroadenoma. The identification of these features can improve the pickup rate of phyllodes tumor, thereby assisting proper management.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted at Livestock Research Centre (LRC), ICAR-NDRI, Karnal To find out the effect of poly herbal mixture supplementation on postpartum productive performance in KF cows. Thirty multiparous calved KF cows were chosen and divided into three groups, 10 cows in each group. One group was considered as control (C) and other two as treatment groups (T1 and T2). The control (C) group cows were offered the ration as per the standard feeding schedule (ICAR, 2013). The treatment group (T1 and T2) cows were offered the same ration and then additionally the polyherbal mixture combination (25 g each of the herbals + 25g black salt + 250g jaggery) as a treatment for the first 10 and 20 days postpartum period in T1 and T2 group, respectively. The productive related parameters, such as 60 days total milk yield (60 DTMY), peak yield (PY), days to peak yields (DPY), milk compositions and production disorders were recorded in 60 days of postpartum period. The treatment groups, 60 DTMY, PY and DPY were increased as compared to control group. Milk fat % and SNF % of treatment groups (T1 and T2) were more or less similar, if compared with the control group. Milk lactose % of T1 and milk protein% of T2 were significantly (P≤0.05) higher at 60th day of lactation. The productive disorders incidence was also very low in treatment groups (T1 and T2) during the 60 days postpartum period
ABSTRACT
Background: Shankhpushpi is an Ayurvedic drug, widely used for its actions on the central nervoussystem, especially to improve intellect and boost memory. Four botanicals viz. Canscora decussata Schult.(CD), Clitorea ternatea Linn. (CT), Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy. (CP) and Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. (EA)are considered as sources of Shankhpushpi by Indian practitioners on the basis of their morphologicaldescriptions given in ancient texts.Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the neuropharmacological effect of four herbscommonly identified as source of Shankhpushpi.Materials and methods: Methanol extracts of all four varieties were tested and evaluated in vitro and invivo for their neuropharmacological effects. Experiments such as protection against b-amyloid inducedneurotoxicity on brain cell line (Neuro 2A), antioxidant potential, AchE (acetylcholinesterase enzyme)inhibition, and 5-LOX (lipoxygenase) enzyme inhibition were conducted for in vitro evaluation. For in vivoevaluation, scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) induced memory retrieval using pole climbing apparatus andMorris water maze were performed in rat models.Results: It was found that protective effects of EA and CD against b-amyloid induced neurotoxicity inNeuro 2A cells were significantly higher than CT and CP. EA proved to be superior than other varieties onthe basis of antioxidant activity, AchE inhibitory and LOX inhibitory activities. The preventive activity ofEA on scopolamine induced memory retrieval in pole climbing and Morris water maze task in rats wasfound to be higher than that of CD, CT and CP.Conclusion: EA has remarkable neuropharmacological effect as compared to other three varietiesof Shankhpushpi. This effect may be attributed due to the presence of steroids (stigmasterol and betulinicacid), coumarins (scopoletin) and flavonoids (b-carotene and chlorogenic acid). Hence it can be used as apromising lead in development and management of neuronal disorders including Alzheimer's disease.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Background:We present our experience in utilization, manpower and information management with paucity of resources in a large academic medical centre, situated in a most backward, least literate, remote pocket of the Haryana state in India. Methods:1> Electronic and manual database with their analysis. 2> Previous literature.Results:Budget provided is very low, so cost containment is very significant in our BTS (Blood Transfusion Service). Conclusion:The combinations of therapeutic and diagnostic roles necessitate a multi-pronged approach to utilization management in the BTS. This study will be very helpful for organized approach in a newly stabilizing BTSes of remote areas of other developing countries.
ABSTRACT
Background: In India, geographical distribution of blood groups and Rhesus (D) factor varies across the country. The aim of this study is to examine the distribution of these groups among voluntary blood donors at a large academic medical centre; SHKM which is situated in a rural, most backward, least literate, remote pocket of south (Mewat-region) Haryana state in India. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 5 year data (August 2013–December 2017) from a regional blood bank in rural south (Mewat-region) Haryana of India. Records of 16,121 voluntary blood donors were reviewed. Results: The distribution of ABO blood group was; blood group O (29.69%); blood group A (22.37%); blood group B (37.72%) and blood group AB (10.22%). A significantly higher proportion of Rhesus (D) positive than Rhesus (D) negative in blood group A and AB (respective p-values are .018 and .089). Conclusion: The sequence of ABO distribution among the rural population in south (Mewat- region) Haryana of India is; B > O > A > AB, with males as the predominant donors.
ABSTRACT
Background: Blood donors belong to a heterogeneous group of people in society, differing in their demographic characteristics and the psychological factors that motivate their behavior. It is important to analyze the various blood donor characteristics in order to manage blood donor programmes. Blood safety and blood supply are profoundly impacted by method of recruitment, specific health history taking and blood screening.Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the role of various demographic factors lie age, sex and occupation on the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among the blood donors at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi over a period of 4 years. Methods: A 4 year retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital. All data were collected from blood bank records and included records of 1347 voluntary and 7451 replacement donors from January 2014 to December 2017. Screening of blood units was done by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method for Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Syphilis was tested by rapid plasma resin (RPR) card test. Malaria was tested by antigen rapid diagnostic test. Any sample found reactive was retested for confirmation. Results: Total 8798 blood donor’s samples were analyzed. 4.27% were female and 95.73% were male. Among the 8798 blood donors, 128 blood donors were positive, prevalence of TTIs was at 1.45 %. The overall positivity rates of anti-HIV, HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP and MP were 0.19%, 0.80%, 0.40%, 0.06 % and 0.01% respectively. The prevalence of TTIs was 1.47% for male and 1.06 % for female in the donation population, the prevalence of TTI positive donations was highest in age group of 51-60 years. Regarding occupation, farmers showed the highest incidence (3.36%) of TTIs while businessmen (1.16%) ranked as the bottom. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of TTI is more in voluntary blood donors as compared to replacement donors. Women are safer donors as compared to males. The prevalence of TTI positive donations was highest in age group of 51-60 years. Farmers showed the highest incidence (3.36%) of TTIs while businessmen (1.16%) ranked as the bottom
ABSTRACT
Background: Blood transfusion has become an essential part of treatment in number of medical or surgical emergencies. It is also true that blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infection to recipients. Present study was planned to know the seroprevalence and pattern of such infections among voluntary as well as replacement donors in this area. Culture and molecular techniques have demonstrated that it is associated with increased prevalence of bacteria. This study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among the blood donors at Chirayu medical college and Hospital, Bhopal over a period of 5 years. All blood units received from replacement as well as voluntary blood donations at Blood Bank, Chirayu medical college and associated Hospital, Bhopal during the period from February 2011 to January 2016 were selected for the study. Methods: A 5 year retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of Chirayu medical college Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. All data were collected from blood bank records maintained as per Drugs and Cosmetic Act of India and included records of 4208 voluntary and 10852 replacement donors from February 2011 to January 2016. Screening of blood units was done by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method for HIV, malaria and hepatitis B and C. Fourth generation ELISA kits were used for HIV testing while Syphilis was tested by latex agglutination assay. Any sample found reactive was retested for confirmation and seropositive units were discarded. Results: Overall TTIs incidence in voluntary donors and replacement donors was found to be 1.568% (66/4208) and 5.215% (566/10852)respectively. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria was found to be 0.071% (3/4208), 0.712% (30/4208), 0.119% (5/4208), 0.665% (28/4208) and 0.00% in voluntary blood donors as against the figures of 0.166% (18/10852), 2.681% (291/10852), 0.82% (89/10852), 1.548% (168/10852) and 0.00% of replacement blood donors respectively. It is clear from this data that the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis is higher in replacement blood donors as compared to voluntary blood donors. The highest seroprevalence of TTI was found to be in the age group of 18-30 years. Conclusion: Prevalence of TTI is less in voluntary blood donors as compared to replacement donors. Hence, efforts should be made to increase the number of voluntary donors and reduce replacement donations to a minimum. A strict selection of all donors and proper testing of a donor’s blood by using standard methods is highly recommended to ensure safety for the recipient.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple, rapid, cost effective and reliable technique which can be used as a routine outpatient department (OPD) procedure and first line of investigation in diagnosing a variety of superficial and deep lesions. Lymphadenopathy is of great clinical significance and the underlying cause may range from a treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasms. In this study, we describe the diagnostic utility of FNAC in the assessment of lymph node lesions with an emphasis on the diagnosis of non-neoplastic, benign and malignant neoplastic processes. Cytomorphological patterns of tuberculous lymphadenitis were also observed. Methods: This was a retrospective study and a total of 736 patients including all age groups and both sexes presenting with palpable or deep lymph nodes in FNAC clinic of our institute over a period of 2 years were included in our study. FNAC was conducted with 22-24 Gauge disposable needles attached to 20c.c syringes. Smears were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with Papanicolaou stain. Leishman stain was done on air dried smears. Ziehl- Neelsen (ZN) staining was done wherever required. Results: Out of 736 aspirations from lymph nodes, the most frequent cause of lymphadenopathy was found to be Tuberculosis with 419 cases (56.92%). The next frequent diagnosis was reactive lymphadenitis with 193 cases (26.22%) followed by metastatic lymphadenopathy in 47 cases (6.38%). A diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorder was rendered in 20 cases (2.71%). In 10 cases (1.35%) FNAC was inconclusive. Conclusion: In our study, the predominant cause of lymphadenopathy was tuberculous lymphadenitis, seen in more than half of total cases, followed by reactive lymphadenopathy and malignant neoplasms. FNAC was helpful in establishing the diagnosis in 98.65% of the cases.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises several cardio-metabolic risk factors, which include obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and decreased HDL cholesterol. Leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre has been shown to possess glucose lowering activity in animal models. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of deacyl gymnemic acid (DAGA), active constituent of G. sylvestre, in a rat model of MS. Methods: Six groups consisting of six wistar rats in each, were studied. Group I received the normal diet, while the remaining five groups received high fructose diet (HFD ) for 20 days to induce MS. HFD was continued in these five groups for the next 20 days along with group II received vehicle solution, group III received pioglitazone and groups IV- VI received DAGA in variable doses. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using tail-cuff method. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done at baseline and at days 20 and 40. Blood samples were collected for glucose, insulin and lipid profile. Results: Administration of HFD for 20 days resulted in weight gain (>10%), increase in SBP, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triglycerides fulfilling the criteria for MS. Administration of DAGA (200 mg/kg) reduced SBP and significantly improved the FPG and HOMA-IR (homeostatis model assessment-insulin resistance) with modest improvement in lipid profile without decrease in body weight similar to pioglitazone. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings show that DAGA decreases SBP and improves parameters of glucose-insulin homeostasis in a rat model of MS induced by HFD. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action.
ABSTRACT
Our investigation aimed to utilize physiological attributes and molecular tools for distinguishing the toxic strain of Microcystis from other non toxic strains, belonging to the same genus. Physiological characterization of five Microcystis isolates indicated that the toxic strain (M1) exhibited significantly higher pigment accumulation (phycocyanin: 54.20 µg ml-1; allophycocyanin: 18.2 µg ml-1) and sugar content (74.25 µg ml-1), which may be providing a competitive advantage for successful colonization and proliferation. Profiling using repeat sequence primers (STRR, Hip) was helpful in distinguishing different strains (M1-M5) and HIP TG profile was unique to M1. SDS-PAGE profile of the five strains indicated the presence of a unique band (25kDa) in M1. The combined use of SDS-PAGE and HipTG profiles can help in providing distinct fingerprint for the toxic strain, which can be useful in its identification.
ABSTRACT
Systemic mastocytosis is a rare clonal disorder characterized by mast cell infiltration of one or more organs, with or without skin involvement. Leonine facies is a rare presentation and corresponds to the morphologic manifestation of diffuse dermal infiltration of the face as a result of long standing disease. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy findings in a 60-year-old woman, who had extensive cutaneous infiltration due to systemic mastocytosis, resulting in 'leonine facies,' are described, and causes of leonine facies are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Bone marrows of hospitalized children with anaemia were examined to study the incidence and profile of erythroblastopenia in childhood. Forty children aged between 7 months to 12 years with anaemia, reticulocytopenia and isolated erythroblastopenia on Bone marrow aspiration were evaluated during 2 years duration. Depending on duration of illness and their recovery the disease was categorized into acute, subacute and chronic erythroblastopenia. The disease was found to be associated with PEM and nutritional anaemia (55%), gastroenteritis (12.5%) and respiratory tract infections (12.5%) amongst others.
ABSTRACT
Autonomic reactivity to stress has been hypothesized to be a marker for subsequent neurogenic hypertension. Medical training is highly stressful particularly for those who are beginning their medical education. The present study was undertaken to study the autonomic reactivity to cold pressor test in prehypertensive and hypertensive undergraduate medical students. One hundred and seventeen undergraduate medical students between 17-21 years of age got examined for blood pressure and stress level. Twelve Hypertensives and eight prehypertensives selected from the above subjects and twenty normotensives underwent cold pressure test (CPT) to assess autonomic reactivity to laboratory induced stress. 10.25% of the subjects were found to be hypertensive and 6.83% pre hypertensive. On the stress scale 53% had mild stress, 7% showed moderate stress while none had stress as a major problem. There was no correlation between BP and stress score. On CPT, BP increased significantly in all the three groups (hypertensive, prehypertensive and normotensive) but came back to basal levels within 5 minutes indicating normal autonomic response. Rise of BP was higher in hypertensive group as compared to normotensive group. The rise of diastolic and mean BP during CPT was significantly higher in subjects having family history of hypertension. Forty percent of normotensive subjects had more than 20 mm Hg rise in systolic BP on CPT. Adolescents must be routinely screened to detect asymptomatic hypertension. The CPT may identify individuals with an occult physiological abnormality that predisposes them to hypertension in their later life.
ABSTRACT
Exposure to long term air pollution in the work environment may result in decreased lung functions and various other health problems. A significant occupational hazard to lung functions is experienced by plastic factory workers. The present study is planned to assess the pulmonary functions of workers in the plastic factory where recycling of pastic material was done. These workers were constantly exposed to fumes of various chemicals throughout the day. Thirty one workers of plastic factory were assessed for their pulmonary functions. Parameters were compared with 31 age and sex matched controls not exposed to the same environment. The pulmonary function tests were done using Sibelmed Datospir 120 B portable spirometer. A significant decrease in most of the flow rates (MEF 25%, MEF 50%, MEF 75% and FEF 25-75%) and most of the lung volumes and capacities (FVC, FEV1, VC, TV, ERV, MVV) were observed in the workers. Smoking and duration of exposure were not affecting the lung functions as the non smokers also showed a similar decrement in pulmonary functions. Similarly the workers working for less than 5 years also had decrement in pulmonary functions indicating that their lungs are being affected even if they have worked for one year. Exposure to the organic dust in the work environment should be controlled by adequate engineering measures, complemented by effective personal respiratory protection.
ABSTRACT
Splenic cystic lymphangioma is a very rare condition. It occurs commonly in children in whom it is often an incidental imaging finding. In the absence of histologic confirmation, it usually mimics hydatid disease and other cystic vascular proliferations of the spleen. We present a case of cystic lymphangioma of the spleen in 15 years old female.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Lymphangioma, Cystic/diagnosis , Spleen/pathology , Splenic Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Extraskeletal chondroma is a rare entity. A fairly benign condition, it is usually seen in adults. It presents as an enlarging mass, most commonly in the hand. Local excision is the treatment of choice. We present a case of extraskeletal chondroma of hand in a 12 year male child. Its variable histological appearance not infrequently leads to a mistaken diagnosis of chondrosarcoma.